Reinforced-concrete building construction.



(a. B. WAIT E REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-17.1911. I

Patented June 1, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

E] a Wcpz G. B. WAITE.

REINFORCED CONCRETE BUlLDlNG CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 19]].

Patented June 1, 1915,

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

GUY B. WAITE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.-

REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed August 1'7, 1911.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, GUY B. WAITE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Queens, county of Queens, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reinforced-Concrete Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a steel and concrete construction for buildings in which a self-supporting steel skeleton frame is erected ahead of the concrete, said skeleton frame giving lines for the erection of the forms which are hung to and temporarily supported by. said frame said forms being adapted to receive and to serve as molds for the concrete. Subsequent to the erection of the concrete the steel and the-concrete form together a truly reinforced structure wherein the concrete takes up the compressional strains andthe steel the tensional strains. To this end the steel entering into the floor construction is arranged so that in the completed structure it will be in tension only.

It is well-known that in most self-supporting steel skeleton constructions the steel is made to carry the entire load of the floors, the concrete floors being formed be tween and around the steel. In this form of construction the steel is distributed throughout the concrete in a manner which does not permit of separating the stresses of the steel from those of the concrete.

In reinforced concrete constructions of the ordinary type the stresses in the steel and in the concrete are segregated by means of steel rods placed in the tensional zone of the floors to take up tension, the steel being omitted from the compressional part of the floors so that the compressional stresses will be'taken up by the concrete.

The advantage of the steel skeleton first mentioned isthe facility of erection. In this form of construction several floors can be worked on simultaneously by the workmen. However, this form ofconstruction requires careful and accurate fabrication of all of the steel parts, and by reason of this, great delay is occasioned in starting a building.

The great economy of the reinforced concrete construction is in the amount of steel saved. Another advantage of the rein- Specification' of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1, 1915.

Serial No. 644,685.

forced construction is the facility with which a building is started. The steel rods used for the reinforcement need practically no fabrication and the building may be started with rods which are ordinarily carried in stock. However, its erection for several stories is slower than the steel skeleton construction because it must be erected one story at a time with wooden forms, the steel bars being put in place after the forms are set.

Some attempts have been made to produce a light steel construction which could be erected like an all-steel skeleton construction, said skeleton to be subsequently incased and embedded in concrete, but in all of these attempts thesteel parts must be fabricated, that is to say, out and punched in accordance with detailed plans. The planning and the fabrication of this light steel'requires substantially the same skill and care and delay that a primary steel frame construction requires.

It is one of the main objects of this invention to construct a steel skeleton frame from ordinary standard shapes and sizes of material, without special fabrication and to embed said frame in concrete to form a truly reinforced concrete construction. To accomplish this I use light steel angles and beams of the regular commercial shapes andlengths and secure said material together by suitable clamps, the steel being so disposed as to take up the tensional strains in the floors, the concrete taking up the compression strain. I

Another object of the invention is to provide means in a built-up self-supporting steel skeleton frame or structure, to take up the negative bending movement over points of support. By this arrangement the amount of steel necessary is reduced. It is,

therefore, manifest that this invention eliminates the special fabrication of the steel forming the independent self-supporting structure, thereby securing the advantage of the reinforced concrete construction in which unfabricated bars are used in the tenmy invention I secure the advantages; the concrete construction whlch is merelyremforced by rods and also secure the advantages of the primary steel frame construc-' tion.

In the drawings Figure l is a sidefleleva-f tion of a pair of columns or sul i portsivith a girder construction extending between said supports, the concrete being omitted; Fig. 2 a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 a horizontal sectional view through one of the columns; Fig. at a transverse vertical sectional View through the floor girder; Fig. 5 a detail view of one of the anchoring clamps on the columns; Fig. 6a detail cross sectional view on'the line VIVI of Fig. 2 showing the means for spacing apart the two members of the floor girder; Fig. 7 a horizontal sectional view through two colunms similar to Fig. 2, showing a slightly modified form of girder extending between said columns; Fig. 8 adetail view showing my improved fioor girder construction applied to an ordinary steel column; Fig. 9

a side elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 a plan view showing another method of applying my invention to an ordinary steelcolumn; Fig. 11 a detail horizontal sectional view showing the means for clamping the floor beam members to the supporting bars of the columns; Fig. 12 a vertical sectional view of a portion of a column showing the fastening means illustrated in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 a detail horizontal sectional view showing a modified arrangement of columns and floor beams; and Fig. 14'. a side elevation of the construetion shown in Fig. 13.

Referring to the various parts by'numerals, 1 designates the vertically arranged angle bars which form the columns for the building. As shown in Fig. 2, four of these angle irons are preferably employed, each iron forming one corner of the rectangular column structure. These angle irons are used in the ordinary standard lengths and are connected together at their ends by means of any suitable form of clamps. I

preferably secure them in place by clamp 2 consisting of two angle irons which embrace the abutting ends of the irons and are secured together by bolts or other suitable securing devices. In this mannerthe c01- umns may be carried to any desired height. Somewhat below the floor level and approximately on the ceiling level, anchoring clamps 3 are secured to the angle-irons 1 of the columns. These clamps form temporary supports for the lioor structure. 011 the columns just above the anchoring clamps are secured floor-supporting clamps 4. These lio'or supporting clamps are connected together by transverse brace rods 3. said rods resting against the inner sides of the column irons 1. The bolts U which connect the said irons with the ends of said clamps do not extend through the column irons but serve merely as a means to cause the clamps to grasp the column irons so that said clamps and the bars 5 only frictionally engage the column irons. The floor sup porting clamps are designed to rest on the anchoring clamps. The column irons are connected together by a series of transverse cross bars 5 and clamps =1 to give the column the necessary strength and rigidity to temporarily take up the working loads on the structure, said clamps and bars being the same in construction as clamps 5 and bars 4.

The cross bars 5 form supports for the floor beams 7 which extend from one column to the adjoining column. The ends of the floor beams extend within the column any suitable distance and for that reason need not be accurately cut to lengths. It is manifest that they may extend into the column more or less according to their length. These floor beams are preferably made up of two channel iron members sepzn rated a suitable distance from each other for the greater portion of their length, said separate members being curved inwardly or converged toward their ends so that their ends within the column frame are close together. To maintain said beam members separated I provide a separator device 8 adapted to fit between the said beam members, said spacing device consisting of a plate 9 adapted to fit between the members and the clips 10 adapted to embrace the upper and lower flanges thereof, as shown clearly in Fig. 6. It will, of course, be understood that any form of device for mainta-ining these beam members separated until the concrete is poured, may be employed.

Above the ends of the floor beams, and extending through each column, is a short reinforcing beam 11, said beam extending outwardly beyond the column a suitable dislength, the said bar distributing the strain which is brought on the floor beam to and throughout the reinforcing beam 11. The beams 11 take up the negative bending movement over the points of support for the floor beams, the tensional strains at the ends of the reinforced concrete floor beams being taken up by them. By this arrangement a considerable saving in steel is effected for the reason that the floor, beams may be made much lighter than would be necessary if these beams 11 were not employed. The ends of the short reinforcing beams 11 are connected to the floor beams 7 by means of vertical bolts 13, said bolts serving to stiffen the floor beams until the concrete is in place. 7

The object of separating the members of the floor beams and the members of the reinforcing beams, is to permit the concrete to flow in between said beam members so that they will be firmly embedded and united with the concrete; and the object of converging the ends of said beams is to so arrange them that they will resist shearing stresses brought thereon tending to cause them to shear the concrete. By arranging the ends of the beams on the converging lines the tendency of thebeams to shear the concrete is reduced to a minimum. It is manifest that the same result may be obtained by placing the beam members close together midway between their ends and then spreading the ends of the beams. In this way the lines of the beams will extend diagonally across the lines of shearing stresses and will successfully resist them. The reinforcing beams 11 may be supported in any suitable manner and extend through the columns, as shown. clearly in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 1 these reinforcing beams are shown as supported by spacing pieces 14: which rest upon the beams 7.

To take up the shearing stresses shear bars 15 are bent around the floor beams 7 and are carried to a point slightly above the reinforcing beams 11, as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. These shear bars adjacent to the columns embrace the reinforcing beams. As shown clearly in Fig. 4 the floor beams are arranged wholly in the tensional zone of the reinforced concrete floor beam except those portions thereof which extend under the reinforcing beams, the tensional stresses being transmitted to said reinforcing beams at the ends of the floor beams. extend from the tensional zone up into the compressional zone and terminate just below the floor level.

The floor beams may be clamped to the cross bars 5 by any suitable means. I preferably use a clamping yoke 16 which extends diagonally across the floor beams and the cross bar, as shown clearly in Fig. 11,

The shear bars the cross bar of the yoke extending under the bar 5. Nutsare threaded on the ends of the yoke so that the floor beams may be very rigidly clamped to the bars 5. A simi lar clamping means may be used to connect the reinforcing beams 11 with their supports 11, but this is not necessary for the reason that said beams will be held in position with sufficient rigidity by the bolts 13 and the bars 12. The bolts 13 pass through plates 17 placed abovethe beams 11 and below the floor beams 7 so that said bolts serve as a clamping means to hold the beams 11 in position with respect to the floor beams 7.

It is manifest that with my invention a steel skeleton may be formed of unfabricated steel of standard shapes ,and sizes which will be amply strong to support the forms and molds and to-form a working floor beams need not be accurately fabricated and may extend more Or less into the skeleton column construction, the floor beam clamping devices being such that the floor beams may be secured at any point.

In Fig. 7 is illustrated a slightly different form of floor beam. In this construction a single metal floor beam member 7 extends between the columns and carries a supplemental metal fioor beam member 7 this latter member terminating short of the columns and being carried entirely by the main floor beam member. are employed to hold the two floor beam members separated, and the ends of the supplementai member are bent inwardly toward the main member to enable said mrmbers'to resist the shearing stresses brought thereon and tending to disrupt or break the union between the concrete and the steel beam.

In Fig. 8 I have shown my invention partially applied to a steel column of ordinary fabricated construction. In this arrangement of the invention the converged ends of the metal floor members 7 are supported on a bracket 18 secured to the side of the column. To the sides of the column substantially parallel with the floor beams are arranged short reinforcing metal beams 11, I

the ends of these beam being connected by bolts 19 and plates 20 to the floor beams 7. By means of this construction the negative bending movement is transmitted to and taken up by the reinforcing beams 11". In Fig. 10 this portion of the invention is Suitable spacing devices 8 shown as applied to an ordinary I-beam colbeams ll are secured to the outer sides of the column while the floor beam 7 rests upon brackets 21 secured to the web of the I-beam. Any other form of cast or steel column may be used with the main and reinforcing beams. I

In Figs. 13 and 14 the floor. beams "l" are arranged outside of the column irons, the ends of said beams resting on brackets 22 secured to the sides of said column. It is manifest that in this arrangement the floor beams may extend beyond the columns, as shown clearly in these figures, and consequently they need not be cut to specified lengths. In this arrangement of the floor beams thereinforcing beams 11 may be passed through the column irons, as shown clearly in, these figures. The ends of these reinforcing beams may be connected to the floor beams by the vertical bars 23. It is, therefore manifest that the floor beams used as shown; in Figs. 1 and 2 or as shown in Figs. 13 and 14 need not be cut to specified lengths, as in the one case they may extend into the column more or less, according to length, and in the other case they may ex 7 tend more or less beyond the column.

' As shown in Figs. 13 and 14 the floor beams may be bent to extend inwardly toward each other between the columns, for a purpose hereinbefore fully set forth.

In arranging the column irons one above the other, as shown inFig. 1 their ends are preferably brought together and secured by means of a set of clamps 4 as shown in Fig. 1'.

I Having thus fully described my invention, what 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A reinforcedconcrete construction comprising a skeleton column frame made up of light, unfabricated angle irons, clamps for .clamps, a floor beam pro ecting into said columns, shear bars carried bysaid floor beams, andconcrete embedding the column frame, floor beams and shear bars.

2. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of columns -of light skeleton steel construction formed of a plurality of angle irons vertically arranged and abutting together at their ends, frictional clamping means extending around the ends of said irons. friction floor-anchoring clamps secured to said column irons at any suitable I points, supporting bars connected to said clamps, floor beams supported by said bars and extending into the columns, reinforcing beams extending through the columns above the floor beams and slightly below the upper surface of the finished floor, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams.

3. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of skeleton columns, each of said columns being made up of light iron members vertically arranged and placed end to end, frictional clamps extending around said column irons and clamping them together, anchoring clamps extending around the column irons, floor beam-supporting clamps extending around said irons and resting on the anchoring clamps, floor beamsupporting bars carried by these latter clamps, fioo'r beams resting on said floor beam-supporting bars, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns and the floor beams.

4. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of skeleton columns, each of said columns being made up of light angle irons vertically arranged and abutting together at their ends, frictional clamps extending around said column irons and clamping them together, floor beam-anchoring clamps extending around the column irons, floor beam-supporting clamps extending around said irons and resting on the anchoring clamps, floor beam-supporting bars carried by these latter clamps, floor beams resting on said floor beam supporting bars, reinforcing bars extending through the columns above the floor beams and projecting a suitable distance on opposite sides of the columns, shear bars extending from the floor beams upwardly to a point above the reinforcing beams, some of said shear bars embracing the reinforcing beam, and a mass of concrete embedding said column irons, floor beams, reinforcing beams and shear bars.

5. A reinforced concrete structure com prising a series of skeleton columns, each of said columns being made up of light iron members vertically arranged and placed end to end, frictional clamps extending around said column irons and securing them together, anchoring clamps secured to said irons, floor beam supporting clamps secured on said irons and resting on the anchoring clamps, floor beam supporting bars carried by these latter clamps, fioor beams resting on said floor beam supporting bars and consisting of a pair of members arranged side by side in the same horizontal plane and separated from each'other for a suitable distance, the ends of said floor beam members extending into the column structures and converging toward said ends, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns and floor beams.

6. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of skeleton columns, each of said columns being made up of light iron members vertically arranged and placed end to end, frictional clamps extending around said column irons and securing them 'to-' gether, anchoring clamps secured to said irons, floor beam supporting clamps secured on said irons and resting on the anchoring clamps, floor beam supporting bars carried by these latter clamps, floor beams resting on said floor beam supporting bars and consisting of a pair of members arranged side by side in the same horizontal plane and separated from each other for a suitable distance, the ends of said floor beammembers extending vinto the column structures and converging toward said ends, a reinforcing beam extending through each column above the floorbeam and projecting a suitable distance beyond the column, said reinforcing beams each consisting of two members arranged side by side in the same horizontal plane and separated a suitable distance from each other and converging toward their ends, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams.

7. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of skeleton columns, each of said columns being made up of light iron members vertically arranged and placed end to end, frictional clamps extending around said column irons and securing them together, anchoring clamps secured to said irons, floor beam supporting clamps secured on said irons and resting on the anchoring clamps, floor beam supporting bars carried by these latter clamps, floor beams resting on said floor beam supporting bars and consisting of a pair of members arranged side by side in the same horizontal plane and separated from each other for a suitable distance, the endsof saidfloor beam members extending into the column structures and converging toward said ends, a reinforcing beam extending through each column above the floor beam and pro ecting a suitable distance beyond the column, said reinforcing beams each consisting of two members arranged side by side in-the same horizontal plane and separated a suitable distance from each other and converging toward their ends, a reinforcing bar arranged close to the floor beam and extended up to the ends of the reinforcing beams, shear bars embracing the floor beams, reinforcingbeams and reinforcing bars, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams, reinforcing beams and shear bars.

8. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of skeleton columns each being made up of light angle iron members vertically arranged and clamped together at their ends, independent anchoring-clamps extending around the column irons and adapted to be vertically adjusted thereonto any desired position, floor beam supporting clamps the anchoring clamps,

. independent ,inforcing means ofthe completed concrete the skeleton columns, whereby said floor beams may be of variable lengths and will be supported in position by the floor beam clamps and anchoring clamps, and a mass of concrete embedding the columns and floor beams.

9. A reinforced concrete structure embodying a series of columns and a series of floor structures, each floor structure comprisingreinforced concrete girders each reinfor'ced by two one-piece steel members positioned in the same horizontal plane wholly below the neutral axis of the completed girder, two reinforcing beams above the girder reinforcing members said reinforcingbeams being in the same horizontal plane and extending outwardly from the columns a suitable distance in the upper portion ofthe reinforced girders, the ends of the reinforcing beams and the ends of the girderreinforcing members curving toward each other, rigid bars connecting the outer ends of the reinforcing beams to the girder members directly below, said girder members and reinforcing beams being interconnected with said columns to form a light steel skeleton structure Whose strength is only sufiicient tosupport the temporary loads during the erection of the building whereby said steel reinforcing skeleton can be erected previous to the application of the concrete and will form a working support during the application of the concrete, said steel structure becoming the restructure and disposed wholly within the tensional vzone thereof.

10. A reinforced concrete construction comprising a series of columns of skeleton steel construction, floor beams extending into said columns said beams being formed of two members arranged in the same horizontal plane and separated from each other a suitable distance, the end portions of said members extending inwardly toward each other whereby said end portions will be substantially oblique to the longitudinal line of the floor beams, a part of said oblique end portions of the said beams being outside of the skeleton columns, and a mass of concrete embedding said floor beams and columns, the floor beams being below the neutral axis of the concrete beam and wholly in the tensional zone thereof. p

11. A reinforced concrete structure comprising a series of columns of light skeleton steel construction formed of a plurality of bars vertically arranged and abutting together at their ends, clamping means at the ends of said bars, floor anchoring clamps secured to said column bars at suitable points, floor beams supported by said clamps and inwardly- I extending into the" columns,- reinforcing v beams extending through the columns above the floor beams and slightly'below the upper 7 surface ofthe finished floor, andrigid means a niass of concrete embedding plurality of bars vertically'arranged and abutting together at their means at the ends of said bars, floor beams zontal plane,

' said beams being oblique connecting the ends of the reinforcing beams to thefloor beams directly below, and

floor-beams and reinforcingbeams. Y 12. A remforced concrete structure comprisingfa serlesof columns formed of a ends, clamping supported by said vertical bars and extending into the columns, the end portions of V to the longitudinal line of the beam but inthe same horireinforcing beams extending through the columns above the floor beams plane therewith, rigid means connecting the ends of the reinforcing beams to the fioor beams at a point beyond the columns, and an integral mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams.

i comprisinga skeleton the longitudinal 13QA reinforced concrete construction column frame formed means for securing said floor beams clamped to said of vertical bars, bars -together,

1 bars and projecting into said columns, the

"endportions of said beams being oblique to the same horizontal plane therewith, said 7 floor beamsbeing wholly below the neutral axis of the completed concrete beams, reinforcing beams extending through the columns J above the floor out 'beyond the columns a suitable distance,

' the end portions of said reinforcing beams being oblique to the longitudinal line of the beams but in the same horizontal plane therewith, means rigidh connecting the outer ends of the reinforcing beams to the floor beams at a point beyond the columns,

and an integral mass of concrete embedding steel construction, floor beams,

the columns,

- ing line of'the beams but in beams and extending the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams.

14. A reinforced concrete construction comprising a series of columns of skeleton said beams being formed of two members arranged in the same horizontal plane and separated from each other, the ends of said beams extending inwardly toward each other as they approach the column, a reinforcing beam formed of two'members arranged in substantially the same horizontal plane and extending through the columns above the floor beams but below the upper surface of the finished floor said members of the reinforcing beam converging or extending inwardly toward each other at their ends and rigid means connecting the ends of the reinforcing beams to the floor beams, and an integral mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams.

15. A reinforced concrete construction comprising a series of columns of skeleton steel construction, floor beams, said beams being formed of two members arranged in the same horizontal plane and separated from each other, the ends of said beams extending inwardly toward each other as they approach the column, a reinforcing beam formed of two members arranged in substantially the same horizontal plane and extending through the columns above the floor beams but below the upper surface of the finished floor said members of the reinforcbeam converging or extending inwardly toward each other at their ends, rigid means connecting the ends of the reinforcing beams to the floor beams, an integral mass of concrete embedding the columns, floor beams and reinforcing beams, and shear resisting bars extending upwardly from the floor beams, some of said bars encircling the reinforcing beams.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

. GUY B. WAITE. Witnesses:

JOHN H. 'HAZELTON,

F. R. MILLER. 

